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Management of a Patient with Cavernous Malformation Surgical Repair at C7-T3: A Case Report
Thomas A. Koc,
Jenna Tucker,
Christopher Durante,
Razija Hasanovic,
Sara Gotthold,
Timothy Marshall
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
53-59
Received:
28 September 2021
Accepted:
20 October 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: Background: Cavernous malformations (CM) are rare vascular lesions occurring within the brain or spinal cord, managed using surgical and/or non-surgical interventions. Limited studies exist outlining physical therapy (PT) intervention guidelines or functional outcomes for individuals with CMs. Objective: This case outlines PT interventions that were used for a 35-year old female 6 weeks status post-surgical management of a C7-T3 spinal cord CM, and their impacts on the Timed-Up and Go (TUG), Five-Time Sit to Stand (5xSTS), and Observational Gait Analysis (OGA) functional outcome measures. Case Description: The patient participated in 41 visits of outpatient PT over 18.5 weeks focusing on compound and closed kinetic chain (CKC) interventions to improve lower extremity functional strength and coordination, gait and balance, endurance, agility, and core stabilization. Outcomes: TUG and 5xSTS times met the patient’s goals by visit 23, three weeks into treatment. OGA demonstrated improvements with steadier ambulation, a decreased base of support, increased arm swing and trunk rotation, coordination and timing, and endurance over the 18.5 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that compound and CKC interventions and gait training may have potential to improve functional mobility, standing balance, and gait quality in this patient with a spinal cord CM.
Abstract: Background: Cavernous malformations (CM) are rare vascular lesions occurring within the brain or spinal cord, managed using surgical and/or non-surgical interventions. Limited studies exist outlining physical therapy (PT) intervention guidelines or functional outcomes for individuals with CMs. Objective: This case outlines PT interventions that wer...
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Study on the Efficacy of Hydrotherapy Exercise Prescription on Walking Ability of Patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Li Xiaohua,
Chen Wei,
Luo Yi,
Liu Yating,
Guo Shi,
Guo Xueliang,
Zhang Xiaopei,
Wang Chengshuang,
He Xia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
60-65
Received:
27 September 2021
Accepted:
14 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Objective: Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of cerebral palsy and is characterized by increased skeletal muscle tone throughout the body, especially in the lower extremities. Long-term muscle spasticity and muscle strength imbalance can cause different degrees of fixed deformities in the lower extremities of cerebral palsy patients, which can seriously affect their walking ability and even their daily life. In this study, we will conduct hydrotherapy exercise prescription rehabilitation training for patients with spastic cerebral palsy aged 20-40 years old and analyze the effect of hydrotherapy exercise prescription on patients' walking ability using gait analysis system to provide a new idea of treatment for improving walking ability of cerebral palsy patients. Methods: Thirty-two patients with spastic cerebral palsy admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to February 2018 were selected as the experimental group, and a walking tank manufactured by HYDRO PHYSIO, UK, was used to maintain the water temperature at 34-40°C. 32 patients were rehabilitated with hydrotherapy exercise prescription for 8 weeks, 1 time/day, 20-30 min/time. In the experimental group, gait data were collected in Vicon 3D gait analysis system after 8 weeks. The gait data of 32 normal subjects in the control group and the gait data of the experimental group before and after treatment were compared and analyzed to study the effect of hydrotherapy exercise prescription on the walking ability of patients with spastic cerebral palsy aged 20-40 years. Results: After 8 weeks of treatment, the patients' gait data in frequency, stride length, stride speed, single support and double support were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hydrotherapy exercise prescription is effective in the treatment of walking ability in patients with spastic cerebral palsy and helps patients' lower limb balance and stability, which is worthy of application and promotion.
Abstract: Objective: Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of cerebral palsy and is characterized by increased skeletal muscle tone throughout the body, especially in the lower extremities. Long-term muscle spasticity and muscle strength imbalance can cause different degrees of fixed deformities in the lower extremities of cerebral palsy patients, w...
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The Effect of a School Backpack Mass Back Carried on the Features of Body Posture in the Frontal Plane of 7-year-old Students of Both Sexes
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
66-75
Received:
23 October 2021
Accepted:
22 November 2021
Published:
20 December 2021
Abstract: The analysis of the student's environment is a set of stressors in the field of human ecology, which includes not only the genetic factor but also the epigenetic factor. The student's environment plays a significant role in the development of biomechanical disorders of body posture. According to these factors body posture tests were carried out in a group of 65 students aged 7 years, using the projection moiré method in 4 positions: 1-habitual posture, 2-posture after 10-minute of asymmetric axial load, 3-a posture after one minute of the load removal, 4- a posture after two minutes of the load removal. Physical fitness was measured with the Sekita test. The significance of differences between the 1st and 2nd measurements was analyzed to determine the impact of the backpack load and the correlation with physical fitness, and to study its influence on the value of the differences in posture features. In conclusion, carrying school supplies on the back induces significant changes in the value of the features describing the body posture in the frontal plane. It should be assumed that the greater the weight of the container and carrying time and intensity of physical effort is the greater the changes will be. Relatedly, it is not recommended to carry school supplies weighing more than 4 kg by first-grade students. Moreover, physical fitness has a various and sex-dependent influence on the value of changes in body posture features because of carrying school supplies. Among boys it significantly affects the asymmetry of the torso bend, shoulder height, the waist triangles height and width, whereas among girls it affects the asymmetry of the shoulders and the distance of the angles of the lower shoulder blades from the line of the spinous processes of the spine. Among boys the changes in the value of posture features are mostly influenced by endurance and speed, but strength, power and agility are of lower influence, whereas among girls only agility matters.
Abstract: The analysis of the student's environment is a set of stressors in the field of human ecology, which includes not only the genetic factor but also the epigenetic factor. The student's environment plays a significant role in the development of biomechanical disorders of body posture. According to these factors body posture tests were carried out in ...
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Transdifferentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Stromal Cells to Neurogenic-Like Cells
Pu Jiujun,
Wang Zhiming,
Ma Xiankun,
Zhang Hongdian
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
76-82
Received:
7 December 2021
Accepted:
16 December 2021
Published:
20 December 2021
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the differentiation of human umbilical cord stromal cells into neurogenic cells. Methods: (1) Human umbilical cord stromal cells (HUMSCs) were pre-induced with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (hbFGF-2, Peprotech, UK) and N2 (1:100, Invitrogen, USA), immunocytochemistry and Western blot to determine the expression of nestin and fibronectin before and after pre-induction. Western blot to identify Nestin and fibronectin expression before and after pre-induction. (2) The differentiation of pre-induced and un-induced HUMSCs into neurogenic cells was performed, and the value-added rates of both were measured by MTT at different time points, and the morphological differences between the differentiated cells and the differentiated cells were verified at the gene and protein levels. Results:(1) 94.4 ± 2.3% and 6.5 ± 1.2% HUMSCs expressed ectodermal marker-fibronectin and stem cell marker-nestin, respectively, and 62.3 ± 5.2% piHUMSCs showed nestin immunopositive staining after adding FGF2 and N2 for pre-induction; 51.3 ± 5.9% of cells showed fibronectin immunopositive staining. piHUMSCs showed significantly higher nestin positivity than HUMSCs (P<0.05), whereas HUMSCs expressing fibronectin showed significantly higher positivity than piHUMSCs (P<0.05). Western blot results were consistent with cellular immunohistochemistry results. The proliferation rate of HUMSCs and piHUMSCs by MTT assay suggested that after 48 h of culture, both HUMSCs and piHUMSCs entered the logarithmic cell growth phase, and the cell expansion rate of HUMSCs was significantly higher than that of piHUMSCs after 72 h and 96 h of culture.(2) The results of RT-PCR experiments indicated that differentiated human umbilical cord neural stem cells expressed The expression of the corresponding neural stem cell marker genes was statistically different (p<0.05) than that of undifferentiated umbilical cord stromal cells and terminally differentiated neural cells after induction of fractionation. Conclusion: Umbilical cord-derived stromal cells pre-induced with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (hbFGF-2, Peprotech, UK) and N2 (1:100, Invitrogen, USA) were better able to differentiate into neural stem cells with stable expression of cell morphological changes, proteins and genes.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the differentiation of human umbilical cord stromal cells into neurogenic cells. Methods: (1) Human umbilical cord stromal cells (HUMSCs) were pre-induced with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (hbFGF-2, Peprotech, UK) and N2 (1:100, Invitrogen, USA), immunocytochemistry and Western blot to determine the express...
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Directed Differentiation of Neural Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Stroma-derived Neural Stem Cells
Pu Jiujun,
Wang Zhiming,
Ma Xiankun,
Zhang Hongdian
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
83-87
Received:
9 December 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
20 December 2021
Abstract: Objective to investigate the directed differentiation of human umbilical cord stromal-derived stem cells into neural cells. Methods: (1) Human umbilical cord stromal cells (HUMSC-NSCs) were induced to differentiate from primary human umbilical cord stromal cells, and two different methods were used to induce differentiation to neural cells, which were observed under electron microscope. (2) The neural cells induced to differentiate by different induction methods were identified by morphological differences, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Results: (1) Some of the suspended NSCs started to adhere to the wall 48-72 h after the addition of the inducer, and elongated protrusions could be seen in 5-7 days with the neurosphere as the center, and cells gradually migrated outward from the neurosphere. 10 days later, several cells with different morphologies could be seen. Some of the cells had increased refractive index and the length of the protrusions increased, showing bipolar growth. In some cases, the protrusions were short and dense, centered on the cytosol, and protruding in a discrete manner. Under electron microscopy, the neurospheres consisted of multiple clonal clusters and two different morphologies of cells, shaped like neurons and astrocytes, could be clearly observed. The number of bipolar neurons was significantly increased in the group with the addition of BDNF.(2) Before induction, 84.5 ± 1.6% and 88.62 ± 1.1% of HUMSC-NSCs expressed stem cell-specific markers: Stro-1 and nestin; neurospheres still expressed 62.7 ± 3.9% of HUMSC-NSCs positive for nestin after 5 d of culture in neuronal cell induction medium. After 10 days of induction, the percentage of immunohistochemically positive stained cells was counted. With the BDMF induction protocol, 38.6 ± 2.9% and 8 ± 1.9% Hoechst33342 positive cells expressed immature (β-tubulin III) and mature (MAP2ab) neuronal cell markers, respectively. Also, 15.8 ± 4.5% and 20.6 ± 4.6% of Hoechst33342-positive cells expressed GFAP (astrocyte marker) and GalC (oligodendrocyte marker). Comparison using a paired t-test revealed that the percentage of β-tubulin III (P<0.001) and MAP2ab (P<0.05) positive cells was significantly higher in the BDNF-induced group than in the general induction group. Western blot results confirmed the immunohistochemical data. Conclusion: After adding BDNF to induce differentiation in the culture group, the number of bipolar neurons was significantly increased, which could promote the induced differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived neural stem cells into neuronal cells.
Abstract: Objective to investigate the directed differentiation of human umbilical cord stromal-derived stem cells into neural cells. Methods: (1) Human umbilical cord stromal cells (HUMSC-NSCs) were induced to differentiate from primary human umbilical cord stromal cells, and two different methods were used to induce differentiation to neural cells, which w...
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